the most advanced armaments available were bolt-action rifles
At the time, individuals owned top-of-the-class warships complete with cannons. It’s what made up a good portion of the continental navy.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition even used the Girandoni rifle, complete with a 21 round magazine.
Trees are carbon neutral. They pull the carbon out and sequester it in themselves. When they rot or burn, the carbon is returned.